Beijing Hutongs

Hutongs, meaning ‘water wells’ in Mongolian, refer to a maze of narrow lanes (6-7m wide) formed by traditional Chinese courtyard homes (Siheyuan). At the epicentre of Beijing is the Imperial Palace (Forbidden City); the hutongs branch out along its northern, eastern, southern and western walls. The history of the hutongs is as old as Beijing itself, dating back to the Yuan Dynasty (1271 – 1368).

Walking amongst the hutongs is like traveling back in time to the days of Imperial China, when life of a typical Chinese family seldom ventured beyond the walls of their courtyard homes. Due to their strictly defined layout and structure, the hutongs have become a proud symbol of old Beijing. In the mid 1950s, the number of hutongs reached its peak at 6,104. Now the number has dwindled to around 2,000, to make way for modern high-rises and urban planning projects.

A visit to the Forbidden City is perhaps incomplete without a tour of the hutongs, for it gives a parallel perspective on life that went on just outside the Imperial Palace in its heyday. Down the winding narrow lanes, children would find a haven for playing hide-and-seek, rubber-band skipping and kicking shuttlecocks, while hawkers would walk from one hutong to another offering their trade, from fruits, vegetables and snacks to knives, kitchen utensils and even barber services.

Each hutong tells stories about its location, origin, history, or occupation of its residences, reflected accordingly through its name. There’s the ‘Earthenware Pot Liu Hutong’ (now Dashaguo Hutong) where Mr. Liu once had his studio and sold earthenware pots, ‘Xianyu Kou Hutong’ or a market for trading fish, ‘Brick Tower Hutong’ (Zhuanta Hutong) with a nine-tiered tower dating back to the Jin Dynasty (1115 - 1234) and ‘Cypress Hutong’ so named after the cypress-fringed landscape.

Then, there are those hutongs with at least a superlative attached, such as the narrowest hutong (Qian Shi Hutong), the longest hutong (Dong Jiaomin Hutong), the shortest hutong (Guantong Hutong) and the hutong with the most turns (Beixinqiao Hutong).

Beijing Hutongs History

Bejing hutongs are the produce of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). After Kublai Khan, the founder of Yuan Dynasty, established a new capital in Beijing, he devised the hutongs as a form of urban planning around the Imperial Palace (eventually burned down and replaced by the Forbidden City). Most hutongs were built during the Yuan, Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) Dynasties, following a grid-like structure that crisscrossed through central Beijing from the northern, southern, eastern and western walls of the Imperial Palace.

Constructed according to the rules of feng-shui (Chinese geomancy), nearly all the hutongs run east-west with the main entrance facing south to let in sunshine in winter and breezes in summer. From the Imperial Palace, the eastern and western hutongs were reserved for the noble classes, aristocrats and palace officials who were awarded pieces of land by the emperor. These are more spacious and boast ornate roof beams, pillars as well as beautiful paintings and landscaped gardens.


The northern and southern hutongs are far smaller and simpler in design and decoration, reflecting the social status of their residences, most of whom were commoners, labourers, artisans and merchants.

Highlights and Features

Zhuanta Hutong (Brick Tower Lane): An entertainment centre during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and a political centre during the Qing Dynasty. Located near South Xisi Street (west of Beihai Lake), Zhuanta Hutong once housed 10 flourishing opera troupes, 20 theatres and residences of two famous writers Lu Xun and Zhang Henshui as well as former Chairman of the People’s Republic of China (1959-1968), Liu Xioqi. Central to the Zhuanta Hutong is the 10-metre-tall tower dedicated to an erudite monk named Wan Song. After several reconstructions, the tower still preserves its original Yuan Dynasty style.

Shichahai: Northwest of the Forbidden City, east of Qinghai Lake, this area is home to a lively nightlife scene as well as upscale restaurants and bars.From Traditional Street, cross the Jing Ding Bridge over Houhai Lake towards the west, to visit one of Beijing’s luxurious residential areas. Highlights include the spectacular Prince Gong’s Mansion (where the last emperor Pu Yi was born) and, to its southwest, the beautifully preserved courtyard residence of legendary opera star Mei Lanfang. South of Jing Ding Bridge, Qianhai East is famous for its Lotus Lane (Tien He Fang). Here, you will find modern, upscale restaurants and bars, an old tea house and a lively clubbing and nightlife scene. Back in the Shichahai area, climb up the Drum Tower for spectacular panoramas of the entire area.

Yandai Xiejie (Smoking Pipe Lane): South of Drum Tower, between Qianhai and Houhai in the Shichahai area, Smoking Pipe Lane once housed a large concentration of long-stemmed pipe stores from the end of Qing Dynasty. Today, it is an active commercial area with shops selling cultural items such as classic furniture, antiques, tribal costumes, regional crafts and pottery. Apart from souvenir shops, a lineup of traditional eateries, including restaurants, bars, tea houses and cafés have become the main attractions of Yandai Xiejie. At night, when the shops and streets are lit up, the atmosphere is pleasant and welcoming. Facing the picturesque Hou Hai Lake on the west, this is an ideal place to stop for a cup of coffee and to appreciate the scenery.

Liulichang Culture Street (Coloured Glaze Factory Lane): An artists’ street located south of the Peace (Heping) Gate in Xuanwu District, Liulichang was where glazed tiles were produced for palaces, temples and residences of state officials. Today, it delights visitors with treasure-troves of paintings, artworks, Mao kitsch, bizarre collectibles, old books and anything calligraphy related. With brightly painted doors and eaves and gracefully curved black-tiled roofed buildings, the atmosphere here is redolent of Old Beijing. 

Qian Shi Hutong: This hutong is definitely not for the claustrophobic. Formerly the financial district during Qing Dynasty, Qian Shi Hutong (located in Dong Sheng District, east of the Forbidden City) is well-known as the narrowest hutong, at 70cm across for the most part and only 40cm across near Qianmen (Front Gate). Some say the narrow lanes were designed to be thief-proof, as the area used to house up to 26 mints, supplying coins to almost every bank in the city. No longer the financial centre, as all buildings were burned down during the 1900 Boxer Rebellion, Qian Shi today is a residential area. Most buildings can be traced back to the late Qing Period.


Ju'er Hutong: This former lane with a history dating back to the Ming Dynasty is where old and new Beijing meet. In 1987, the northern part of Ju’er Hutong (north of the Forbidden City, east of Huhai Lake) underwent a total refurbishment in an experimental project called The Ju'er Hutong Courtyard Housing Project, spearheaded by Professor Wu Laingyong of the renowned Tsinghua University. The project aimed at preserving traditional courtyard homes but at the same time modernised them into apartment complexes with improved ventilation, drainage and sanitary systems as well as additional floors. The success of this project means a promising future for the hutongs, as they will find their place alongside Beijing’s glass-and-steel high-rises, instead of facing demolition as originally feared. Today, the refurbished section is a popular district among visitors.

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